Fearing that Mussolini and Petacci might be rescued by fascist supporters, the partisans drove them, in the middle of the night, to a nearby farm of a peasant family named De Maria; they believed this would be a safe place to hold them. According to Bellini delle Stelle no other discussion or formalities concerning the decision to execute them took place.[44]. He resigned from Avanti! Cursing. The former led to Mussolinis overthrow and imprisonment; the latter to the surrender of Italy, even though German troops soon occupied the entire country and carried on the fight against the Allies from Italian soil. He worked all night in his office (and the office lights were cleverly left on so that Italians could imagine him hard at work at 4:00am). Benito Mussolini served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943, and his death marked the end of a brutal era in Italian history. Now that steel has met steel, one single cry comes from our heartsViva lItalia! People got ropes, tied them to the feet of the corpses, and strung them upside-down from the iron girders of a gas station. Without Hitlers military intervention, a coup surely would have toppled Mussolini in 1941. Benito Mussolini, pictured before his brutal death. Consider this quick summary. [31][32][33], It was largely confirmed by an account provided by Aldo Lampredi[34] and the "classical" narrative of the story was set out in books written in the 1960s by Bellini delle Stelle and Urbano Lazzaro, and the journalist Franco Bandini (it). Benito Mussolini, second from left, hanging upside-down in Milans public square. [10][11][12] As the German forces retreated, the CLNAI declared a general uprising in the main northern cities. So, how did Mussolini die? WebBenito Mussolini , , Politiker, Italien, 1925-1943/45 Diktator Italiens, Die Leichen Mussolinis und seiner letzten, Begleiter auf dem Piazzale Loreto View of the cenotaph of Arnaldo and Sandro Mussolini, in which it is believed the coffin with the remains of Mussolini had come incredibly close to reaching Switzerland; the resort town of Como literally shares a border with it. The Pact committed Italy and Germany to provide military and economic support in event of war. The man who had once strutted across the world stage now dangling by his heels, next to his mistress. Wikimedia CommonsThe farmhouse in northern Italy where Benito Mussolini would be last seen alive. With German SS soldiers looking on, Mussolinis men opened fire and killed them. Mussolini was killed two days before Hitler and his wife Eva Braun committed suicide. Omissions? [82], They took them out of the house and, at the corner of a nearby lane they were stood against a fence and shot. Surrendered Italy would experience twenty more months of high intensity combata war that devastated countryside, cities, and civilian population alike. [77], In his 1993 book Dongo: half a century of lies, the partisan leader Urbano Lazzaro repeated a claim he had made earlier that Luigi Longo and not Audisio, was "Colonnello Valerio". [29], A senior communist in Milan, Luigi Longo, said that the order came from the General Command of the partisan military units "in application of a CLNAI decision". [2], Shortly after the Armistice, Mussolini was rescued from prison in the Gran Sasso raid by German special forces, and Hitler installed him as leader of the Italian Social Republic, a German puppet state set up in northern Italy and based at the town of Sal near Lake Garda. [29] According to Leo Valiani, the Action Party representative on the CLNAI, the decision to execute Mussolini was taken on the night of 27/28 April by a group acting on behalf of the CLNAI comprising himself, Sandro Pertini, and the communists Emilio Sereni and Luigi Longo. Mussolini returned triumphantly and kept suppressing his opposition. In later years he expressed pride in his humble origins and often spoke of himself as a man of the people. The Mussolini family was, in fact, less humble than he claimedhis father, a part-time socialist journalist as well as a blacksmith, was the son of a lieutenant in the National Guard, and his mother was a schoolteacherbut the Mussolinis were certainly poor. According to the latter, when he met Audisio in Dongo, Audisio asked for a list of the fascist prisoners that had been captured the previous day and marked Mussolini's and Petacci's names for execution. By the spring of 1945, the war in Europe was over and Italy was broken. Rather than Fascism, its probably better to think of Italy in those days as being under the rule of mussolinismo: Mussolini-ism.. Even in death, his mouth couldnt be shut. While earning a reputation as a political journalist and public speaker, he produced propaganda for a trade union, proposing a strike and advocating violence as a means of enforcing demands. In general, it was this loss of freedom that best describes the bargain the Italian people had made with Mussolini. She fired five shots into his head at close range; one bullet for each son she lost in Mussolinis failed war. News photos regularly showed him in a position of command, riding on horseback, flying an airplane, or driving a high-performance race car. He was placed in charge of a newly established Italian Social Republic in the north (sometimes, for the small town on Lake Garda that was its seat of government, called the Republic of Sal). [48][49], In the evening of 28 April, the bodies of Mussolini, Petacci, and the other executed fascists were loaded onto a van and transported south to Milan. [60][61] Earlier that day, Hitler had recorded in his Last Will and Testament that he intended to choose death rather than be captured by the enemy or fall into the hands of "the masses" to become "a spectacle arranged by Jews". That connection was not lost on the residents of Milan, who then took out 20 years of frustration and fury on the corpses. [30], Although several conflicting versions and theories of how Mussolini and Petacci died were put forward after the war, the account of Walter Audisio, or at least its essential components, remains the most credible and is sometimes referred to in Italy as the "official" version. Mussolini needed a strong military to back up his dictatorship. Movie footage of what happened appears to confirm that to be the case. Despite Italy becoming the first ally of the Fhrer, this fact was downplayed when they surrendered to the Allies at the end of 1943. German troops worked alongside the blackshirts to maintain order. Setelah Jerman menyerah di Italia pada 1945, Benito Mussolini Even worse, Great Britain now sent forces to Greece to oppose him. Among those who had him ousted and arrested was his own son-in-law Gian Galeazo Ciano. The farmhouse in northern Italy where Benito Mussolini would be last seen alive. /*-->*/ 945 Magazine Street, New Orleans, LA 70130 Well, it didnt quite work out that way, as everyone knows. 2 In May 1939, Mussolini signed the Pact of Steel with Adolf Hitler. Mussolini was the first child of the local blacksmith. From today onward we are all Italians and nothing but Italians, he once said. [75] However, within Italy, the subject has been a matter of extensive debate and dispute since the late 1940s to the present and a variety of theories of how Mussolini died has proliferated. [6][7] The purpose of the move appears to have been to prepare for final defeat. He had one child with his first wife, Ida Dalser, but would eventually abandon them and seek to hide them from the public eye. In the afternoon of the desecration of the corpses, both American troops arrived and a Catholic cardinal arrived. His father was a blacksmith who wrote part-time as a socialist journalist, and his mother was a staunchly Catholic schoolteacher. The death of Benito Mussolini, the deposed Italian fascist dictator, occurred on 28 April 1945, in the final days of World War II in Europe, when he was summarily executed by an Italian partisan in the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy. The intention was to prove the hypothesis that syphilis had caused insanity in him, but nothing resulted from the analysis;[58] no evidence of syphilis was found on his body either. Soon, however, he changed his mind about intervention. Fascists rounded up 15 suspected anti-Fascist partisans, or people loyal to the new Italy, in Milans Piazzale Loreto. [Long live Italy!]. Others have claimed that Mussolini (or Mussolini and Petacci together) committed suicide with cyanide capsules.[92]. A detailed structure of fascist rule existed on paper, with a Grand Council to which the government was supposed to report and a Chamber of Deputies which made law, but in fact Italy was Mussolini's personal playground, and his own power nearly absolute. With Allied armies driving north into the Lombard plain and with well-armed partisan bands active everywhere, Mussolini tried to make a run for it. Duce! once upon a time, perhaps not so long ago. [46][note 4], During his dictatorship, representations of Mussolini's bodyfor example pictures of him engaged in physical labour either bare-chested or half-nakedformed a central part of fascist propaganda. Mussolini is on it, somewhere near the top, rivaled , perhaps, only by Hitler. His inner circle burned his corpse as Soviet forces closed in. The Matteotti crisis shook Mussolini, but he managed to maintain his hold on power. That still isnt the end of the story of Mussolinis death. In June 1940, he took the country into World War II on the side of Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler. Upon concluding Marx was correct on revolution following the war he began to make moves to become a dictator and enact widespread change. The abolition of unions and the loss of the strike weapon were devastating blows to Italian labor, from which management clearly benefited. The Fhrer convinced Il Duce to set up a Fascist state in northern Italy where it all began with Milan as its headquarters. In the aftermath of the Battle of Kasserine Pass, US II Corps passed to the command of General Harold Alexanders 18th Army Group. She added, it was as if he had turned to stone. Some Fascists came along and disinterred him a year later, absconding with it to a convent in the region of Lombardy, but the government was able to recover it and bury it at a Milan monastery. Benito Mussolini with sons Mussolini was hailed as a genius and a superman by public figures worldwide.
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